High- Intensity Focused Ultrasound as a Salvage Therapy for Patients with Recurrent Prostate Cancer
Posted: Wednesday, March 23, 2011
by Richard Lotenfoe
orlando urologist
Men who have tried External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT) or Interstitial Brachytherapy for clinically localized prostate cancer possess a 20-30% greater probability of having prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure. Salvage therapy is indicated when men are treated with radiotherapy, brachytherapy, or a combination of these for presumed localized prostate cancer and have a recurrence. The success rates after salvage procedures are considerably less than those that have been reported after more fundamental treatments. The results of the use of HIFU as a salvage therapy for patients with recurrent prostate cancer have been good, with negative biopsy rates as elevated as 80% and 61% achieving a PSA nadir of <0.5 µg/L (n = 71); 44% were reported as freed from biochemical relapse at the follow up exam, at an average follow-up of 14.8 (6-86) months.
Records of 22 patients with a median (range) follow-up of 24 (5-80) months were reviewed. Patients were men with presumed organ-confined disease who were treated with salvage HIFU following recurrent disease after EBRT (fourteen patients), brachytherapy (five patients: four with high-dose brachytherapy using In (192); and one with low-dose brachytherapy applying Au (98)) or proton therapy (three patients). The median (range) age at salvage HIFU was 65 (52-80) years, with a median (range) prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level before radiation therapy of 14.3 (5.7-118) ng/mL and an average (range) PSA level of 4.0 (1.2-30.1) ng/mL before HIFU. The median (range) period to HIFU after radiation therapy was 36 (4-96) months. The biochemical disease-free survival (bDFS) rate in all patients at 5 years was 52%. Rates of bDFS in low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups were 100%, 86%, and 14%, respectively. One among the twelve patients who received post-HIFU prostate biopsy showed malignancy. Side effects included urethral stricture in four patients, grade I urinary incontinence in four patients, rectourethral fistula and epididymitis in one of each patient.
This preliminary data recommend that high intensity focused ultrasound represents a legitimate alternative treatment strategy for patients with localized prostate cancer. Salvage HIFU is often a promising treatment option for local recurrence after radiation therapy, with morbidity comparable with other types of salvage treatment. A careful choice by the patient is imperative depending upon the aforementioned prognostic factors.
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